See upe on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "upe"
},
"expansion": "Latvian upe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "upė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian upė",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]. Cognates include Latvian upe and Lithuanian upė.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "upeite",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upuos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "up",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "upeite",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "upe f (diminutive upeite)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "upeite"
},
"expansion": "upe f (diminutive upeite)",
"name": "ltg-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"u",
"pe"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latgalian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latgalian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ltg",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "ltg:Landforms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ltg",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "ltg:Water",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 5 5 0 9 9 9 9 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ekiti Yoruba",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 6 5 0 10 9 10 9 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ondo Yoruba",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 26 1 1 0 15 2 15 2 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 0 0 0 21 2 21 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"river"
],
"id": "en-upe-ltg-noun-X1qO2PE5",
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈupʲæ]"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*apē-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ep-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ùpė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ùpė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ape",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ape (“river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "upa",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian upa (“river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अप्",
"3": "आपः",
"4": "water (plural)"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wupyan",
"3": "",
"4": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In principle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op- (“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upi̇̀s, ùpis, Old Prussian ape (“river”), apus (“(water) well”), Sudovian upa (“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) (“river”), Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp (“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- (“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "upe f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "5th"
},
"expansion": "upe f (5th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "e",
"3": "5th",
"4": "",
"5": "p",
"6": "pj",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "e",
"4": "",
"5": "p",
"6": "pj",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-5"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "upe",
"10": "upēm",
"11": "upē",
"12": "upēs",
"13": "upe",
"14": "upes",
"2": "upes",
"3": "upi",
"4": "upes",
"5": "upes",
"6": "upju",
"7": "upei",
"8": "upēm",
"9": "upi",
"type": "5th",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "lv:Bodies of water",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "lv:Geography",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "lv:Landforms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Rivers",
"orig": "lv:Rivers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 5 5 0 9 9 9 9 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ekiti Yoruba",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 6 5 0 10 9 10 9 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ondo Yoruba",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "fast, slow river",
"text": "strauja, lēna upe",
"translation": "fast, slow river",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"english": "mountain, lowland river",
"text": "kalnu, līdzenumu upe",
"translation": "mountain, lowland river",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "riverbed",
"text": "upes gultne",
"translation": "riverbed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river valley",
"text": "upes ieleja",
"translation": "river valley",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river basin",
"text": "upes baseins",
"translation": "river basin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river system",
"text": "upju sistēma",
"translation": "river system",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river tributaries",
"text": "upes pietekas",
"translation": "river tributaries",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river estuary, mouth",
"text": "upes ieteka, grīva",
"translation": "river estuary, mouth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river source, headwaters",
"text": "upes izteka",
"translation": "river source, headwaters",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
],
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "upriver, downriver",
"text": "upes augštece, lejtece",
"translation": "upriver, downriver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "fluvial transportation",
"text": "upju transports",
"translation": "fluvial transportation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river lines",
"text": "upju kuģniecība",
"translation": "river lines",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"river (permanent watercourse)"
],
"id": "en-upe-lv-noun-VeKHasmz",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
"permanent",
"permanent#English"
],
[
"watercourse",
"watercourse#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) river (permanent watercourse)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈupːɛ]"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "upè",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f",
"head": "upè"
},
"expansion": "upè f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Paraguayan Guarani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upė"
}
],
"glosses": [
"instrumental singular of upė"
],
"id": "en-upe-lt-noun-rHLI-tFH",
"links": [
[
"upė",
"upė#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊˈpʲɛ]",
"note": "upè"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʊpʲɛ]",
"note": "ùpe"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ùpe",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f",
"head": "ùpe"
},
"expansion": "ùpe f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upė"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of upė"
],
"id": "en-upe-lt-noun-8wE49LiW",
"links": [
[
"upė",
"upė#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊˈpʲɛ]",
"note": "upè"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʊpʲɛ]",
"note": "ùpe"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gug",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "upe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 23 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Paraguayan Guarani pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that"
],
"id": "en-upe-lt-pron-jn~AI2r0",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊˈpʲɛ]",
"note": "upè"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʊpʲɛ]",
"note": "ùpe"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-upe-pt-verb-QY25Vw5S",
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-upe-pt-verb-fIjokuJs",
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-upe-es-verb-QY25Vw5S",
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-upe-es-verb-fIjokuJs",
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yo",
"2": "ù-",
"3": "pè",
"id1": "nominalizing prefix",
"t1": "nominalizing prefix",
"t2": "to call"
},
"expansion": "ù- (“nominalizing prefix”) + pè (“to call”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ù- (“nominalizing prefix”) + pè (“to call”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ùpè",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ìpè",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yo",
"2": "noun",
"head": "ùpè",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "ùpè",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "ùpè",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "ùpè",
"name": "yo-pos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ùpè"
},
"expansion": "ùpè",
"name": "yo-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yoruba entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yoruba terms prefixed with u- (nominalizing prefix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pronunciation, calling"
],
"id": "en-upe-yo-noun-iJ7QBnBg",
"links": [
[
"pronunciation",
"pronunciation"
],
[
"calling",
"calling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly CY and SEY) pronunciation, calling"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ùké"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yoruba entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yoruba terms prefixed with u- (nominalizing prefix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"call, invitation, summon"
],
"id": "en-upe-yo-noun-wrFlR8y4",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"invitation",
"invitation"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly CY and SEY) call, invitation, summon"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ùkésí"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yoruba entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yoruba terms prefixed with u- (nominalizing prefix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "yo",
"name": "Musical instruments",
"orig": "yo:Musical instruments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"traditional horn or trumpet"
],
"id": "en-upe-yo-noun-sVshtnjk",
"links": [
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly CY and SEY) traditional horn or trumpet"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ùfèrè"
},
{
"word": "kàkàkí"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ù.k͡pè/"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "upe"
},
"expansion": "Latvian upe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "upė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian upė",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]. Cognates include Latvian upe and Lithuanian upė.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "upeite",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upuos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "up",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "upis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "upeite",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "upe f (diminutive upeite)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "upeite"
},
"expansion": "upe f (diminutive upeite)",
"name": "ltg-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"u",
"pe"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latgalian feminine nouns",
"Latgalian lemmas",
"Latgalian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Latgalian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Latgalian nouns",
"Latgalian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latgalian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic term requests",
"ltg:Landforms",
"ltg:Water"
],
"glosses": [
"river"
],
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈupʲæ]"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*apē-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ep-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ùpė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ùpė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ape",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ape (“river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "upa",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian upa (“river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अप्",
"3": "आपः",
"4": "water (plural)"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wupyan",
"3": "",
"4": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In principle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op- (“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upi̇̀s, ùpis, Old Prussian ape (“river”), apus (“(water) well”), Sudovian upa (“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) (“river”), Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp (“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- (“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "upes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "upe f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "5th"
},
"expansion": "upe f (5th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "e",
"3": "5th",
"4": "",
"5": "p",
"6": "pj",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "e",
"4": "",
"5": "p",
"6": "pj",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-5"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "upe",
"10": "upēm",
"11": "upē",
"12": "upēs",
"13": "upe",
"14": "upes",
"2": "upes",
"3": "upi",
"4": "upes",
"5": "upes",
"6": "upju",
"7": "upei",
"8": "upēm",
"9": "upi",
"type": "5th",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fifth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian noun forms",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Bodies of water",
"lv:Geography",
"lv:Landforms",
"lv:Rivers"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "fast, slow river",
"text": "strauja, lēna upe",
"translation": "fast, slow river",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"english": "mountain, lowland river",
"text": "kalnu, līdzenumu upe",
"translation": "mountain, lowland river",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "riverbed",
"text": "upes gultne",
"translation": "riverbed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river valley",
"text": "upes ieleja",
"translation": "river valley",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river basin",
"text": "upes baseins",
"translation": "river basin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river system",
"text": "upju sistēma",
"translation": "river system",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river tributaries",
"text": "upes pietekas",
"translation": "river tributaries",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river estuary, mouth",
"text": "upes ieteka, grīva",
"translation": "river estuary, mouth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river source, headwaters",
"text": "upes izteka",
"translation": "river source, headwaters",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
],
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "upriver, downriver",
"text": "upes augštece, lejtece",
"translation": "upriver, downriver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "fluvial transportation",
"text": "upju transports",
"translation": "fluvial transportation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "river lines",
"text": "upju kuģniecība",
"translation": "river lines",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"river (permanent watercourse)"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
"permanent",
"permanent#English"
],
[
"watercourse",
"watercourse#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) river (permanent watercourse)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈupːɛ]"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian non-lemma forms",
"Lithuanian noun forms",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Paraguayan Guarani entries with incorrect language header",
"Paraguayan Guarani lemmas",
"Paraguayan Guarani pronouns",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "upè",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f",
"head": "upè"
},
"expansion": "upè f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upė"
}
],
"glosses": [
"instrumental singular of upė"
],
"links": [
[
"upė",
"upė#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊˈpʲɛ]",
"note": "upè"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʊpʲɛ]",
"note": "ùpe"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian non-lemma forms",
"Lithuanian noun forms",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Paraguayan Guarani entries with incorrect language header",
"Paraguayan Guarani lemmas",
"Paraguayan Guarani pronouns",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ùpe",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f",
"head": "ùpe"
},
"expansion": "ùpe f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upė"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of upė"
],
"links": [
[
"upė",
"upė#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊˈpʲɛ]",
"note": "upè"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʊpʲɛ]",
"note": "ùpe"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian non-lemma forms",
"Lithuanian noun forms",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Paraguayan Guarani entries with incorrect language header",
"Paraguayan Guarani lemmas",
"Paraguayan Guarani pronouns",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gug",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "upe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"that"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊˈpʲɛ]",
"note": "upè"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʊpʲɛ]",
"note": "ùpe"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of upar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ekiti Yoruba",
"Ondo Yoruba",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yoruba entries with incorrect language header",
"Yoruba lemmas",
"Yoruba nouns",
"Yoruba terms prefixed with u- (nominalizing prefix)",
"Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation",
"yo:Musical instruments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yo",
"2": "ù-",
"3": "pè",
"id1": "nominalizing prefix",
"t1": "nominalizing prefix",
"t2": "to call"
},
"expansion": "ù- (“nominalizing prefix”) + pè (“to call”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ù- (“nominalizing prefix”) + pè (“to call”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ùpè",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ìpè",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yo",
"2": "noun",
"head": "ùpè",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "ùpè",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "ùpè",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "ùpè",
"name": "yo-pos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ùpè"
},
"expansion": "ùpè",
"name": "yo-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pronunciation, calling"
],
"links": [
[
"pronunciation",
"pronunciation"
],
[
"calling",
"calling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly CY and SEY) pronunciation, calling"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ùké"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"call, invitation, summon"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"invitation",
"invitation"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly CY and SEY) call, invitation, summon"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ùkésí"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"traditional horn or trumpet"
],
"links": [
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly CY and SEY) traditional horn or trumpet"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ùfèrè"
},
{
"word": "kàkàkí"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ù.k͡pè/"
}
],
"word": "upe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for upe meaning in All languages combined (16.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly CY and SEY",
"path": [
"upe"
],
"section": "Yoruba",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "upe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly CY and SEY",
"path": [
"upe"
],
"section": "Yoruba",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "upe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly CY and SEY",
"path": [
"upe"
],
"section": "Yoruba",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "upe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly CY and SEY",
"path": [
"upe"
],
"section": "Yoruba",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "upe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly CY and SEY",
"path": [
"upe"
],
"section": "Yoruba",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "upe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly CY and SEY",
"path": [
"upe"
],
"section": "Yoruba",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "upe",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.